In Emperor Manuel Paleologus the Second's epoch and long before the Romaion state had the problem of ghazi Turkish warriors(before that Arab muslim) making near constant raids and warfare against their territory. Today the modern Turkish ghazi pilots in their F-16s show the same disrespect for the modern Greek state, by making near daily incursions into Athens FIR without any flight plans to deny Greece its territorial rights defacto as coded in international law and treaties. Greece is a dar-al-harb territory for the modern Turkish state.
You can read the
Pope's speech in question here.