Title: Tujue Rulers
Description: List of Tujue Rulers
Yihesan - May 31, 2004 10:49 AM (GMT)
Here are the list of Tujue ( Türük / Gök Türk / Tujue 突厥 ) rulers:
Eastern Rulers:
1) Bumïn Il-Qaghan: 551-552. Real name Bumïn or Tümen in Turkic, Tumen 土門 in Chinese. Titles are Bumyn Il-Qaghan in Turkic and Tumen Yili Kehan 土門伊利可汗 in Chinese.
2) Qara Qaghan: 552-553. Real name Qara (Black / Strong / Fierce) in Turkic, Keluo 科羅 in Chinese. Titles are possibly Qara Qaghan (Black Emperor?) in Turkic and Yixiji Kehan 乙息記可汗 in Chinese.
3) Buqan Qaghan: 553-572. Real name Yandu Sijin 燕都俟斤 (Sijin = Irkin, a Turkic title) in Chinese. Title is Mwx'n X'gh'n in (Mookhan Khaghan?) in Soghdian, possibly Bughan/Buqan Qaghan in Turkic and Mugan Kehan 木杆可汗 in Chinese.
4) Tapar/Taspar: 572-581. Real name Taspar in Soghdian and possibly Tapar in Turkic. Title is Tabo or Tuobo Kehan 佗鉢 in Chinese.
5) Anluo 菴羅: 581
(Civil War, Qaghanate divided between several rulers, Shetu unifies the state)
6) Ïshbara Qaghan: 582-587. Name is Shetu 攝圖 in Chinese. Title is Ïshbara Qaghan (Brave Emperor) in Turkic, Shabolue Kehan 沙鉢略可汗 in Chinese.
7) Bagha/Yabghu Qaghan: 587-588. Name is Chuluohou 處羅侯 in Chinese.
8) Dulan/Doulan Qaghan: 588-600. Name is Yongyulü 雍虞閭 in Chinese. Title is Dulan/Doulan Kehan 都蘭可汗 in Chinese.
9) Qimin Qaghan: 600-609. Name is Tuli 突利 in Chinese. Title is Yilidou Qimin Kehan 伊利(?)啟民可汗 in Chinese.
10) Shibi Qaghan: 609-619. Name is Duojishi/Douji 咄吉世 in Chinese. Title is Shibi Kehan 始畢可汗 in Chinese.
11) Tuli Qaghan: 619-621. Name is Chuluohou 處羅侯 in Chinese, possibly Chor/Chullugh(?) in Turkic. Titles are Tuli Kehan 突利可汗 and Yehu Kehan 葉護可汗 in Chinese, Yabghu Qaghan in Turkic.
12) Il/Illig Qaghan: 621-630. Name is Duobi/Doubi 咄苾 in Chinese. Titles are Xieli Kehan/Jieli Kehan 颉利可汗 / 頡利可汗 in Chinese and Il/Illig Qaghan in Turkic.
(in 630, Tang Dynasty destroys the Eastern Qaghanate)
13) Dabu Qaghan (rebellious): 630-638. Title is Dabu Kehan in Chinese.
14) Yugu Shad: 638-639. Title is Yugu Sha in Chinese.
15) Chebi Qaghan ®: 639-648/650. Title is Chebi Kehan in Chinese.
16) Ashïna Nishufu Qaghan ®: 679-680. Titles are Ashina Nishufu 阿史那泥熟匐 in Chinese and possibly Ashïna Nizekbeg(?) in Soghdian-Turkic.
17) Ashïna Funian Qaghan ®: 681. Title is Ashina Funian 阿史那伏念 in Chinese.
18) Iltirish Qaghan (rebellious but succesful): 682-691. Real name is Qutlugh (Possessor of Legitimacy / Happy / Fortunate) in Turkic, Ashina Guduluo 阿史那骨咄祿 in Chinese. Titles are Qutlugh Qaghan (Legitimate Emperor), Iltirish Qaghan (State Re-organiser Emperor) in Turkic, Xiedielishi / Jiedielishi Kehan 頡跌利施可汗 and Guduluo Kehan 骨咄祿可汗 in Chinese.
19) Qapghan Qaghan: 691-716. Real name Bögü in Turkic. Titles are Bögü Qaghan, Türük Bögü Qaghan and Qapghan Qaghan (Conqueror Emperor) in Turkic, Mochuo Kehan 默啜可汗, Zuowei Da Jiangjun, Qianshan Kehan, Xiedielishi Dachanyu Ligongbaoguo Kehan and Jianheyungqing Dafuma Tianshangdeguibao Tiannan Tujue Shengtian Kuduolu Kehan in Chinese.
20) Inel Qaghan: 716. Name is Fuju 匐俱 in Chinese. Titles are Inel Qaghan in Turkic, Yinie Kehan 移涅可汗 in Chinese.
21) Bilge Qaghan: 716-734. Name is Mojilian 默棘連 in Chinese. Titles are Bilge Qaghan (Wise Emperor), Tengri Teg Tengri Yaratmïsh Türük Bilge Qaghan in Turkic and Pijia Kehan 毗伽可汗 in Chinese.
22) Yiran Kehan 伊然可汗: 734-740
23) Tengri Qaghan: 740-741. Titles are Tengri Qaghan in Turkic and Chengli/Dengli Kehan 登利可汗 in Chinese.
24) (name/title unknown; one of Bilge Qaghan's sons)
25) (name/title unknown; one of Bilge Qaghan's sons)
26) Qutlugh Yabghu: 741-742. Titles are Qutlugh Yabghu in Turkic and Guduolu Yehu 骨咄祿葉護 in Chinese.
27) Özmish/Ozmïsh Qaghan: 742-744. Titles are Özmish/Ozmïsh Qaghan in Turkic and Wusumishi Kehan 烏蘇米施可汗 in Chinese.
28) Baimei Qaghan: 744-745. Title is Baimei Kehan 白眉可汗 (White Eyebrowed) in Chinese.
Western Rulers:
1) Istemi Yabghu (not independent): 552-576. Real name is Istemi in Turkic, Sizaboulos/Dizaboulos in Greek, Sinjibûl (Sinjibool) in Arabic and Shidianmi 室點蜜 / Shidimi 室帝米 in Chinese. Titles are Istemi Yabghu in Turkic and Shidianmi Yehu 室點蜜葉護 in Chinese.
2) Tardu Yabghu/Qaghan (mostly accepted as independent, some say it's his succesor who made the Western Qaghanate independent): 576-603. Name is Tardu in Turkic and Soghdian, Datou 達頭 in Chinese. Titles are Tardu Yabghu/Qaghan in Turkic, Dianjue Kehan 達頭可汗 and Bujia Kehan 步迦可汗 in Chinese.
3) Chuluo Qaghan: 603-611. Name is Hesana 曷薩那 in Chinese. Title is Nijue Chuluo Kehan 泥撅處羅可汗 in Chinese.
4) Shegui Qaghan: 611-618. Title is Shegui Kehan 射匱可汗 in Chinese.
5) Tong Yabghu Qaghan: 618-630. Title is Tong Yehu Kehan 統野護可汗 in Chinese.
(Rulers after these are vassals of Tang)
6) Moheduo Siqulisipi Dulu 莫賀咄俟屈利俟毗都陸. Another title is Yangsu Tejin (Tigin, Prince) 鞅素特勤 (Turkic Baghatur is Moheduo 莫賀咄 in Chinese).
7) Yipi Boluosi Yabghu 乙毗鉢羅肆葉護.
8) Duolu Qaghan. Name is Nishu 泥孰 in Chinese. Title is Duolu Kehan 咄羅可汗 in Chinese.
9) Shaboluo Dielishi 沙鉢羅咥利失.
10) Yipi Duoluo 乙毗咄羅.
11) Baghatur Yipi Yabghu. Titles are probably Baghatur (?) Yabghu in Turkic and Moheduo Yipi Yehu 莫賀咄乙毗葉護 in Chinese.
12) Yipi Ïshbara Yabghu. Title is probably (?) Ishbara Yabghu in Turkic and Yipi Shaboluo Yehu 乙毗沙鉢羅葉護 in Chinese.
13) Yipi Shegui 乙毗射匱.
14) Ïshbara Qaghan. Name is Helu 賀魯 in Chinese. Title is Ïshbara Qaghan in Turkic and Shaboluo Kehan 沙鉢羅可汗 in Chinese.
15) Xingxiwang Qaghan and Jiwangjue Qaghan. Xingxiwang's name is Mishe 彌射 in Chinese and his title is Xingxiwang Kehan 興昔亡可汗 in Chinese. Jiwangjue's name is Buzhen 步真 in Chinese, his title is Jiwangjue Kehan 繼往絕可汗 in Chinese.
16) Ashina Yuanqing and Jiezhong Shizhu Qaghan.
Yuanqing's title is Ashina Yuanqing 阿史那元慶 in Chinese (Ashina 阿史那 is the name of Ashïna, ruling tribe of Tujue). Jiezhong's name is Huseluo 斛瑟羅 in Chinese and Jiezhong Shizhu Kehan 竭忠事主可汗 in Chinese.
17) Onoq Qaghan. Name is Tuizi 俀子 in Chinese. Title is Onoq Qaghan (Ruler of Ten Tribes) in Turkic and Shixing Kehan 十姓可汗 in Chinese.
18) Ashina Huaidao 阿史那懷道.
19) Anshina Xian 阿史那獻.
20) Ashia Xin 阿史那昕.
General_Zhaoyun - June 1, 2004 06:01 AM (GMT)
Nice list.. I'm going to pin this up :lol:
Just curious, I read that the ancestor of the Tujue is "AhSiNa" (阿史那) . Do you have any info on him?
Yihesan - June 3, 2004 10:01 PM (GMT)
Ashina 阿史那 was the name of the tribe that ruled the Tujue Qaghanate. All the Qaghans were paternally from the Ashina tribe, while most of the Prime Ministers and Qatun empresses were from the Ashide 阿史德 tribe.
However, myths about early Tujue are varied, let me post some of them:
Tongdian, Chapter 197, Tujue Section, 1067/1C:
| QUOTE |
The Tujue were earlierly one of the various Hu peoples of Pingliang. They are actually a different branch of Xiongnu. Their surname is Ashina. Taiwu of Houwei (Later Wei) defeated the family of Qiequ. Ashina fled to the Ruanruan with 500 families.
(...)
(about the myth of how the Tujue descended from a female wolf and from a Proto-Tujue boy; I kept it short and didn't post most of the myth) Later the wolf had ten male children. The elders married from outside, their wives became pregnant. Following this, every one of them achieved a surname/lastname. Ashina is one of them. |
Cefu Yuangui, Chapter 956, p.11251, 30/b:
| QUOTE |
The Tujue were earlierly one of the various Hu peoples of Pingliang. Their tribal name is Ashina. They were defeated by Taiwu of Houwei. A large amount of the tribe and the tribe of Qu, as the Ashina, fled to the Ruru as 500 families.
(and the same myth recorded in Tongdian) |
Sephodwyrm - June 13, 2004 05:48 PM (GMT)
Is Li Shimin considered a Tujue Ruler as well? He was given the title of Tian Qaghan by the Tujue in one occasion. :blink:
Nice list, btw.
ananda - June 14, 2004 02:52 AM (GMT)
Li shimin is not a turky, but a mix-blood of Han-sianbei, Tian Khan was
a respect title called by Tujue at that time.
Sephodwyrm - June 14, 2004 04:35 AM (GMT)
Then he must have commanded such great respect that the Turks would give him the title of Qaghan.
Yihesan - June 15, 2004 08:13 PM (GMT)
| QUOTE |
| Is Li Shimin considered a Tujue Ruler as well? He was given the title of Tian Qaghan by the Tujue in one occasion. |
Well, as ananda pointed out, he wasn't a Tujue; his family, the Li, was half Han and half Xianbei 鮮卑.
I don't remember the details about Taizong getting the title Tengri Qaghan (Tian Kehan); yes he got it but I can't recall when and how. He probably got that because he ruled over the Tujue (I'm not sure though).
Thanks, but it's not complete I suppose :(
Btw, I found out that Yugu Shad wasn't rebellious, I shall update that.